Adherence with medication regimes
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People taking their medicines properly – the right dose at the right time in the right way
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Adverse drug reaction
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An unwanted or harmful reaction which occurs after administration of a drug or drugs and is suspected or known to be due to the drug(s)
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Carer
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A person who provides support and assistance, formal or informal, with various activities to patients.
This may be emotional or financial support, as well as hands-on help with different tasks. Carer in this
document is an umbrella term also used to cover parents, patient advocates or representatives.
The RPS professional standards refer to patient throughout however where the patient has a carer it is
expected that the statements could apply equally to carers.
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CCG, Local Health Board, Health Board
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Clinical Commissioning Group (England), Local Health Board (Wales), Health Board (Scotland) – local NHS organisations
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Commissioners
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Organisations, agencies and/or departments who have provided the majority of financial resources to any programme, pilot or service
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Co-morbidity/multimorbidity
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The presence of two or more long-term health conditions
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Conditions
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Medical illnesses, the prevention of further illness or maintaining wellness
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Consent
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Agreement and/or permission between a person and a clinician for the person to receive treatment
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CPD and revalidation
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Continued professional development is part of the revalidation process for pharmacists to maintain their GPhC registration
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Deprescribing
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The process of stopping or reducing medicines with the aim of eliminating problematic polypharmacy, and then monitoring the individual for unintended adverse
effects or worsening of disease. It is essential to involve the individual (and their carer) closely in deprescribing decisions in order to build and maintain their confidence in the process
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Educators
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Those training healthcare professionals
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Evidence-based
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Evidence from research and scientific studies determines best practice; this evidence must be reliable, credible, and relevant
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Generalists
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Clinicians in general practice, competent in several (or more) different fields of practice
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Genomics
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The study of the body’s genes, their functions and their influence on the growth, development and working of the body
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GMC
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General Medical Council – the regulator for doctors
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GPhC
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General Pharmaceutical Council – the regulator for pharmacy
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Healthcare organisations
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NHS Trust, CCG (England), Local Health Board (Wales), Health Board (Scotland) and private bodies offering healthcare services
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Healthcare professionals
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Doctors, dentists, nurses, pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, paramedics, physiotherapists, chiropodists, podiatrists, optometrists, dietitians, orthoptics, radiographers
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Healthcare systems
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Computer systems used to generate prescriptions, appointments and maintain health records
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High-risk medicines
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Medicines with potential side effects which mean appropriate blood monitoring and careful dose adjustment is required
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Holistic medication review
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A discussion with a person of the medicines they are taking, addressing any concerns, issues and adherence problems the person may have, along with the necessity of the medicine and the implications of not having the medicine
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ICS
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Integrated care systems – where NHS organisations partner with local councils and others to take collaborative responsibility for managing resources, delivering NHS standards and improving the health of the population that they serve
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Intermediate care services
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Support services that are available for a short time to enable recovery and increase personal independence
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Long-term conditions
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Long-term conditions or chronic diseases are conditions for which there is currently no cure, and which are managed with drugs and other treatment, for example: diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, arthritis and hypertension
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Medicines optimisation
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Medicines optimisation is about ensuring that the right patients get the right choice of medicine, at the right time
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Multidisciplinary
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How health and care professionals work together to support people with complex care needs
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NHSBSA
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National Health Service Business Services Authority – provide a range of central services to NHS organisations, contractors, patients and the public
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NMC
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Nursing and Midwifery Council – the regulator for nurses and midwives
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Non-pharmacological treatment
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Lifestyle advice, counselling, a different approach to improving the health of people, rather than drug-based
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Off-label use
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Using a medicinal product not for its intended, licensed use
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People/person/patient(s)
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Used as an umbrella term to cover the full range of people using pharmacy services across sectors this
includes children and young adults, service users and clients.
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Person-centred
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Putting the person first, and involving them in all discussions concerning their healthcare treatment
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Pill/treatment burden
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Where a person struggles because of complicated medicine regimes or a large number of medicines
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Policy makers
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Organisations making policies concerning health and healthcare provision
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Polypharmacy
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Polypharmacy means “many medications” and has often been defined to be present when a patient takes five or more medications. Polypharmacy is not necessarily a bad thing, it can be both rational and required however it is important to distinguish appropriate from inappropriate polypharmacy.
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Prescribing cascade
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When an adverse reaction occurs to a medicine and this is mistaken as a new medical condition, for which a subsequent medicine is prescribed/supplied
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Primary care
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Front-line healthcare provided by healthcare professionals within GP practices, community pharmacies, dental practices and optician services
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Problematic polypharmacy
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When one or more drugs are prescribed that are not or no longer needed, either because:
(a) there is no evidence-based indication, the indication has expired or the dose is unnecessarily high
(b) one or more medicines fail to achieve the therapeutic objectives they are intended to achieve
(c) one, or the combination of several drugs cause inacceptable adverse drug reactions (ADRs), or put the patient at an unacceptably high risk of such ADRs, or
(d) the patient is not willing or able to take one or more medicines as intended
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Regulators
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The organisations that regulate healthcare professionals, for example GMC for doctors, GPhC for pharmacists and pharmacy technicians, NMC for nurses
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Repeat prescribing
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When a prescription item has been approved by a clinician to be re-prescribed without seeing the clinician for an agreed time
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Risk stratification tools
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Tools for identifying and/or predicting people a high risk of adverse event
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Safeguarding
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Safeguarding means protecting people's health, wellbeing and human rights, and enabling them to live free from harm, abuse and neglect
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Secondary care
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Second-line healthcare provided by healthcare professionals usually in hospitals, care homes, hospices
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Shared decision making
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Where healthcare decisions are made with the person or carer and the healthcare professional
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SIMPATHY project
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Stimulating Innovation and Management of Polypharmacy and Adherence in THe elderlY – a European project looking at addressing the issue of inappropriate polypharmacy and non-adherence in older people
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SPARRA
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Scottish Patients at Risk of Readmission and Admission – a tool that predicts the risk of an individual being admitted to hospital as an emergency within the next year
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Specialists
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Healthcare professionals that specialise within a specific area of medicine
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Stakeholders
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Everyone who has a 'vested' interest in the service irrespective of their roles, responsibilities and contributions
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STP
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Sustainability and transformation partnerships – NHS organisations and local councils that have developed shared proposals to improve health and care
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Touch points
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Points at which a person has contact with a healthcare professional
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Transitions of care
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Moving from one setting to another, for example from a hospital to home or to a care home, or vice versa
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Waste
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This includes the costs of unused medicines, missed appointments, unnecessary procedures/treatments
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Yellow Card Scheme
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The reporting scheme for adverse side effects and/or reactions used by the MHRA to monitor the safety of all healthcare products in the UK
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